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Table of Contents
Appendix
\begin{align} \label{eq:times} 1 \, \text{year} \simeq \pi \times 10^7 \, \text{s} \end{align}
A.1 Solar System
The solar system has $1.0014$ solar masses, which amounts to about $2 \times 10^{30}\, \, \text{kg}$. The Earth-Sun distance is $1 \, \text{AU} \simeq 500 \, \text{light second} \simeq 1.5 \times 10^{11}\, \, \text{m}$.
| object | Sun | Mecury | Venus | Earth | Mars | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| distance | $0.005$ | $0.387098$ | $0.723332$ | $1$ | $1.523679$ | $5.2044$ | $9.5826$ | $19.2184$ | $30.11$ |
| radius | $109$ | $0.3829$ | $0.9499$ | $1$ | $0.533$ | $11.209$ | $9.449 $ | $4.007$ | $3.883$ |
| mass | $333,000$ | $0.055$ | $0.815$ | $1$ | $0.107$ | $317.8$ | $95.159$ | $14.536$ | $17.147$ |
| period | $0.240846$ | $0.615198$ | $1$ | $2.1354$ | $11.862$ | $29.4571$ | $84.0205$ | $164.8$ |
Properties of Sun and planets of our solar system, provided in multiples of the Earth values. The distance referes to the semi-major axis in AU. For the sun the distance denotes the sun surface, i.e., its radius. }
| object | Moon | Ceres | Pluto | Eris |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| distance | $0.00257$ | $2.769$ | $39.482$ | $67.864$ |
| radius | $0.2727$ | $0.073$ | $0.1868$ | $0.1825$ |
| mass | $0.0123$ | $0.00016$ | $0.00218$ | $0.0028$ |
| period | $0.08085$ | $4.61$ | $247.94$ | $559.07$ |
Properties of the Moon and dwarf planets of our solar system. The properties of the Moon refer to its distrance to and period around Earth. Ceres is the largest object in the meteorite belt between Mars and Jupiter. Eris is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt that is larger in mass than Pluto.
speed constants
\begin{align} \text{speed of light} && c_L &= 3 \times 10^8 \: \text{m/s} \\ \text{speed of sound} && c_S &= 3 \times 10^2 \: \text{m/s} \end{align}
masses
\begin{align} \text{electron} && m_\text{e} &= 9 \times 10^{-31} \: \text{kg} \\ \text{proton, neutron, hydrogen atom} && m_\text{p} &= 1.7 \times 10^{-27} \: \text{kg} \\ \nonumber \\ \text{Earth} && m_\text{earth} &= 6 \times 10^{24} \: \text{kg} \\ \text{Sun} && m_\text{sun} &= 2 \times 10^{30} \: \text{kg} \end{align}
\text{neutron} && m_\text{n} &= 1.7 \times 10^{-27} \: \text{kg}
\text{hydrogen atom} && m_\text{hydrogen} &= 1.7 \times 10^{-27} \: \text{kg}
densities
\begin{align} \text{water} && \rho_\text{water} &= 10^3 \: \text{kg/m}^{3} \\ \text{air} && \rho_\text{air} &= 1 \: \text{kg/m}^{3} \\ \nonumber \\ \text{Earth} && \rho_\text{earth} &= 5.5 \: \rho_\text{water} \\ \text{Moon} && \rho_\text{moon} &= 3.3 \: \rho_\text{water} \\ \text{Mars} && \rho_\text{mars} &= 3.3 \: \rho_\text{water} \\ \text{Sun} && \rho_\text{sun} &= 1.4 \: \rho_\text{water} \end{align}
normal constants
\begin{align} \text{gravitational acceleration on Earth } && g &= 9.81 \:\text{m/s}^2 \simeq 10 \text{m/s}^2 \\ \text{gravitational acceleration on Moon} && g_{moon} &= 1.62 \:\text{m/s}^2 \simeq g/6 \\ \text{gravitational constant} && G &= 7 \times 10^{-11} \:\text{m}^3 / \text{kg s}^2 \\ \nonumber \\ \text{normal pressure} && p_0 &= 10^5 \: \text{Pa} = 1 \:\text{bar} \end{align}