The first chapter of Grossmann (2012)1) provides a clear and concise introduction to basic calculus with an emphasis on applications to physics problems.
The introductory chapters of Morin (2014)2) Morin (2007)3) provide an excellent introductions to problem solving strategies in physics and dimensional analysis.
Mahajan (2010)4) and Zee (2020)5) provided full-grown text books addressing the art of narrowing down solutions of a broad range of physics and mathematics problems.
Harte (1988)6) is a classic text that introduces and illustrates modeling strategies.